Polo-like kinases (PLKs) are a family of evolutionarily conserved Serine/Threonine kinases, which are characterized by the presence of an N-terminal protein kinase domain and a C-terminal Polo-box domain (PBD), playing an important role in the regulation of cell cycle progression through G2 and M (mitosis). [show the full text]
PLK inhibidores (PLK Inhibitors)
| Nº Cat. | Nombre del producto | Información | Citas de uso del producto | Validaciones del producto |
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| S2235 | Volasertib (BI6727) | Volasertib es un inhibidor de Plk1 altamente potente con una IC50 de 0,87 nM en un ensayo sin células. Muestra una selectividad 6 y 65 veces mayor contra Plk2 y Plk3. Volasertib induce la detención del ciclo celular y la apoptosis en varias células cancerosas. Fase 3. |
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| S1109 | BI 2536 | BI-2536 es un potente inhibidor de Plk1 con un IC50 de 0,83 nM en un ensayo sin células. BI-2536 inhibe la Bromodomain 4 (BRD4) con un Kd de 37 nM y suprime potentemente la expresión de c-Myc. BI-2536 induce la apoptosis y atenúa la autophagy. Fase 2. |
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| S1362 | Rigosertib (ON-01910) | Rigosertib (ON-01910) es un inhibidor no competitivo de ATP de PLK1 con una IC50 de 9 nM en un ensayo sin células, mostrando una selectividad 30 veces mayor contra Plk2 y ninguna actividad sobre Plk3. Inhibe la vía PI3K/Akt, activa las señales de estrés oxidativo e induce la apoptosis en varias células cancerosas. Este compuesto se encuentra en Fase 3. |
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| S2193 | GSK461364 | GSK461364 (GSK461364A) inhibe la Plk1 purificada con un Ki de 2,2 nM en un ensayo libre de células. Es más de 1000 veces selectivo contra Plk2/3. |
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| S7255 | Onvansertib (NMS-1286937, NMS-P937) | Onvansertib (NMS-1286937, NMS-P937) es un inhibidor selectivo y disponible por vía oral de la Polo-like Kinase 1 (PLK1) con una IC50 de 2 nM y una selectividad 5000 veces mayor sobre PLK2/PLK3. Este compuesto provoca potentemente un arresto del ciclo celular mitótico seguido de apoptosis en líneas celulares cancerosas e inhibe el crecimiento tumoral. Fase 1. |
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| S7552 | CFI-400945 | CFI-400945 es un inhibidor oralmente activo, potente y selectivo de la polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) con un valor de Ki de 0,26 nM. |
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| S1485 | HMN-214 | HMN-214 es un profármaco de HMN-176, que altera la orientación espacial celular de Plk1. |
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| S7248 | Ro3280 | RO3280 (Ro5203280) es un potente inhibidor altamente selectivo de la Polo-like quinasa 1 (PLK1) con una IC50 de 3 nM. |
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| S7720 | SBE 13 HCl | SBE 13 HCl es un potente y selectivo inhibidor de PLK1 con una IC50 de 200 pM, y una selectividad >4000 veces mayor sobre Aurora A quinasa, Plk2 y Plk3. |
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| S2898 | MLN0905 | MLN0905 es un potente inhibidor de PLK1 con un IC50 de 2 nM. |
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PLKs - the Serine/Threonine protein kinases - are structurally comprised of a highly conserved catalytic domain in the N-terminus and a PBD in the C-terminus. The PDB domain is unique for the polo-like kinases family, and essential for their functions such as the subcellular localization and the substrate recognition. Mammalian polo-like kinases (PLK) consists of five members including PLK1 (STPK13), PLK2 (SNK), PLK3 (CNK, FNK or PRK), PLK4 (SAK or STK18), and PLK5. PLKs are critical regulators of cell cycle progression, mitosis, cytokinesis, and the DNA damage response. [1][2]
PLK1 is the most extensively studied member of this family. Through its PBD, PlK1 associates with a large number of proteins, some of which mediate its recruitment to defined cellular structures, such as the centrosomes, kinetochores and the spindle midzone. As reflected by multiple localizations, PLK1 is pivotal in the regulation of diverse cellular and biochemical events at multiple stages of the M phase, including entry into mitosis, centrosome maturation, assembly of the bipolar spindle, sister chromatid splitting, activation of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) and exit from mitosis with the initiation of cytokinesis. As PLK1 is essential for cell division, inhibition of PLK1 leads to a failure to complete mitosis, eventually resulting in cell death. PLK2 is classified as an early growth response gene by virtue of its increased expression on stimulation by growth factors. PLK2 is up-regulated by p53 upon irradiation, and the depletion of PLK2 seems to phenocopy the loss of p53 by elevating the sensitivity of cells to spindle poisons. PLK2 is also implicated in centriole duplication, and functions as a regulator of synaptic plasticity in the nervous system. PLK3 is a multifunctional stress response protein. In response to different types of cellular stress, PLK3 activates Chk2 and p53, and plays an important role in genotoxic, hypoxic and oxidative stress responses. Endogenous ectopically expressed PLK3 localizes to the centrosomes during interphase, to the spindle poles during mitosis, and to the midbody during cytokinesis. The overexpression of wild-type or mutant forms of PLK3 induces G2/M arrest and eventually apoptosis. PlK4 is crucial for the duplication of the centrioles, and essential for early embryogenesis. The overexpression of PLK4 induces multinucleated cells that are associated with a progressive loss of cell viability. Although PLK5 has a truncated kinase domain that lacks kinase activity of catalytic activity, PLK5 retains important functions in neuron biology. Overexpression of PLK5 induces G1 cell cycle arrest followed by apoptosis. PLK5 can be induced by various stress-promoting agents, which is independent of p53 in contrast to PLK2 and PLK3. [1][2][3]
Polo-like kinases are dysregulated in a variety of human cancers. Consistent with the critical functions of PLK1 during M-phase progression, PLK1 is highly expressed in tumors including those derived from lung, breast, colon, pancreas, prostate and ovary. Over-expression of PLK1 correlates with cellular proliferation and poor prognosis, and PLK1 depletion is associated with a decrease in cell viability and induction of apoptosis in various cancerous cells, indicating that PLK1 is a promising target in oncology. Small-molecule inhibitors of PLK1 have become attractive candidates for anticancer drug development targeting the kinase domain and the PBD of PLK1, and a variety of PLK1 inhibitors (GW843682X, BI 2536, et al.) have been clinically assessed and hold great promise for the improved treatment of cancer patients. [1][2]
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