SCG10/Stathmin-2 Antibody [D11B18]

N.º de catálogo F4944

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Descripción biológica

Especificidad

SCG10/Stathmin-2 Antibody [D11B18] detecta niveles endógenos de la proteína SCG10/Stathmin-2 total.

Antecedentes

SCG10 (Stathmin-2, STMN2) es una proteína desestabilizadora de microtúbulos enriquecida neuronalmente que pertenece a la familia de las estaaminas, esencial para el crecimiento y la regeneración axonal. Contiene un dominio regulador N-terminal con cuatro sitios clave de fosforilación (Ser22, Ser25, Ser38, Ser63) que son el objetivo de quinasas como JNK1, MAPK y PKA. La región C-terminal presenta un dominio en hélice α similar a la estaamina que alberga dos bolsillos de unión a la tubulina, lo que permite a SCG10 secuestrar heterodímeros de α/β-tubulina en una estequiometría de 1:2. Este secuestro evita el ensamblaje longitudinal de los protofilamentos y, por lo tanto, inhibe la polimerización de los microtúbulos. En su estado desfosforilado, SCG10 se une a la tubulina libre con alta afinidad (Kd ~0,3–1 μM), promoviendo la catástrofe de los microtúbulos al cambiar la dinámica hacia la despolimerización mediante la captura de tubulina competente para GTPasa. Sin embargo, la fosforilación de SCG10 introduce cargas negativas e induce cambios conformacionales que alteran la unión a la tubulina, liberando así los heterodímeros de tubulina para el crecimiento de los microtúbulos. Este mecanismo estabiliza los microtúbulos axonales durante el crecimiento. La fosforilación de Ser22/Thr22 mediada por JNK1 es particularmente importante durante la migración de las neuronas corticales, ya que rige la transición de la morfología multipolar a bipolar y modula la velocidad de la migración radial. La expresión de SCG10 es más alta en las neuronas del SNC en desarrollo, donde media la remodelación de microtúbulos dependiente de Ca²⁺ a través de la unión a calmirina, facilitando la dinámica del cono de crecimiento y contribuyendo a la regeneración axonal después de una lesión. La pérdida de TDP-43 en la ELA/DFT conduce a la inclusión de exones crípticos en los transcritos de STMN2, lo que resulta en el agotamiento de la proteína SCG10 funcional. Esto causa degeneración axonal, retracción de la unión neuromuscular y déficits motores, fenotipos que pueden revertirse restaurando la expresión de STMN2 de longitud completa.

Información de uso

Aplicación IP, IHC Dilución
Reactividad Human, Mouse, Rat
Fuente Mouse Monoclonal Antibody MW ˜20 kDa
Tampón de almacenamiento PBS, pH 7.2+50% Glycerol+0.05% BSA+0.01% NaN3
Almacenamiento
(Desde la fecha de recepción)
-20°C (avoid freeze-thaw cycles), 2 years
IHC
Experimental Protocol:
 
Deparaffinization/Rehydration
1. Deparaffinize/hydrate sections:
2. Incubate sections in three washes of xylene for 5 min each.
3. Incubate sections in two washes of 100% ethanol for 10 min each.
4. Incubate sections in two washes of 95% ethanol for 10 min each.
5. Wash sections two times in dH2O for 5 min each.
6.Antigen retrieval: For Citrate: Heat slides in a microwave submersed in 1X citrate unmasking solution until boiling is initiated; continue with 10 min at a sub-boiling temperature (95°-98°C). Cool slides on bench top for 30 min.
 
Staining
1. Wash sections in dH2O three times for 5 min each.
2. Incubate sections in 3% hydrogen peroxide for 10 min.
3. Wash sections in dH2O two times for 5 min each.
4. Wash sections in wash buffer for 5 min.
5. Block each section with 100–400 µl of blocking solution for 1 hr at room temperature.
6. Remove blocking solution and add 100–400 µl primary antibody diluent in to each section. Incubate overnight at 4°C.
7. Remove antibody solution and wash sections with wash buffer three times for 5 min each.
8. Cover section with 1–3 drops HRPas needed. Incubate in a humidified chamber for 30 min at room temperature.
9. Wash sections three times with wash buffer for 5 min each.
10. Add DAB Chromogen Concentrate to DAB Diluent and mix well before use.
11. Apply 100–400 µl DAB to each section and monitor closely. 1–10 min generally provides an acceptable staining intensity.
12. Immerse slides in dH2O.
13. If desired, counterstain sections with hematoxylin.
14. Wash sections in dH2O two times for 5 min each.
15. Dehydrate sections: Incubate sections in 95% ethanol two times for 10 sec each; Repeat in 100% ethanol, incubating sections two times for 10 sec each; Repeat in xylene, incubating sections two times for 10 sec each.
16. Mount sections with coverslips and mounting medium.
 
IF
Experimental Protocol:
 
Sample Preparation
1. Adherent Cells: Place a clean, sterile coverslip in a culture dish. Once the cells grow to near confluence as a monolayer, remove the coverslip for further use.
2. Suspension Cells: Seed the cells onto a clean, sterile slide coated with poly-L-lysine.
3. Frozen Sections: Allow the slide to thaw at room temperature. Wash it with pure water or PBS for 2 times, 3 minutes each time.
4. Paraffin Sections: Deparaffinization and rehydration. Wash the slide with pure water or PBS for 3 times, 3 minutes each time. Then perform antigen retrieval.
 
Fixation
1. Fix the cell coverslips/spots or tissue sections at room temperature using a fixative such as 4% paraformaldehyde (4% PFA) for 10-15 minutes.
2. Wash the sample with PBS for 3 times, 3 minutes each time.
 
Permeabilization
1.Add a detergent such as 0.1–0.3% Triton X-100 to the sample and incubate at room temperature for 10–20 minutes.
(Note: This step is only required for intracellular antigens. For antigens expressed on the cell membrane, this step is unnecessary.)
Wash the sample with PBS for 3 times, 3 minutes each time.
 
Blocking
Add blocking solution and incubate at room temperature for at least 1 hour. (Common blocking solutions include: serum from the same source as the secondary antibody, BSA, or goat serum.)
Note: Ensure the sample remains moist during and after the blocking step to prevent drying, which can lead to high background.
 
Immunofluorescence Staining (Day 1)
1. Remove the blocking solution and add the diluted primary antibody.
2. Incubate the sample in a humidified chamber at 4°C overnight.
 
Immunofluorescence Staining (Day 2)
1. Remove the primary antibody and wash with PBST for 3 times, 5 minutes each time.
2. Add the diluted fluorescent secondary antibody and incubate in the dark at 4°C for 1–2 hours.
3. Remove the secondary antibody and wash with PBST for 3 times, 5 minutes each time.
4. Add diluted DAPI and incubate at room temperature in the dark for 5–10 minutes.
5. Wash with PBST for 3 times, 5 minutes each time.
 
Mounting
1. Mount the sample with an anti-fade mounting medium.
2. Allow the slide to dry at room temperature overnight in the dark.
3. Store the slide in a slide storage box at 4°C, protected from light.
 

Referencias

  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37236359/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39253877/

Datos de aplicación