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Biologische Beschrijving

Specificiteit	Phospho-Akt (Thr450) Antibody [J1B12] herkent endogene niveaus van Phospho-Akt enkel wanneer gefosforyleerd op Thr450.
Achtergrond	Akt, ook bekend als PKB of Rac, is een cruciale proteïnekinase die celoverleving en apoptose reguleert. Het wordt geactiveerd door insuline en diverse groeifactoren via een PI3 kinase-afhankelijke route die gevoelig is voor wortmannine. Activering van Akt vereist de binding aan fosfolipiden en daaropvolgende fosforylering op Thr308 binnen de activeringslus door PDK1, evenals fosforylering op Ser473 in het C-terminale gebied. Akt verbetert celoverleving door apoptose te remmen via de fosforylering en inactivatie van belangrijke doelen, waaronder Bad, forkhead transcriptiefactoren, c-Raf en caspase-9. PTEN-fosfatase dient als een belangrijke negatieve regulator van de PI3K/Akt signaalcascade. Naast zijn rollen in het bevorderen van celoverleving en glycogeensynthese, reguleert Akt ook de celcyclus door GSK-3β-gemedieerde fosforylering en afbraak van cycline D1 te voorkomen en door cycline-afhankelijke kinase-remmers p27 Kip1 en p21 Waf1/Cip1 te downreguleren. Als reactie op ischemische schade kan Akt worden gereactiveerd door JNK, dat Thr450 fosforyleert, een cruciale primingstap voor verdere fosforylering door 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1, waardoor de activiteit van Akt wordt hersteld.

Specificiteit

Phospho-Akt (Thr450) Antibody [J1B12] herkent endogene niveaus van Phospho-Akt enkel wanneer gefosforyleerd op Thr450.

Achtergrond

Akt, ook bekend als PKB of Rac, is een cruciale proteïnekinase die celoverleving en apoptose reguleert. Het wordt geactiveerd door insuline en diverse groeifactoren via een PI3 kinase-afhankelijke route die gevoelig is voor wortmannine. Activering van Akt vereist de binding aan fosfolipiden en daaropvolgende fosforylering op Thr308 binnen de activeringslus door PDK1, evenals fosforylering op Ser473 in het C-terminale gebied. Akt verbetert celoverleving door apoptose te remmen via de fosforylering en inactivatie van belangrijke doelen, waaronder Bad, forkhead transcriptiefactoren, c-Raf en caspase-9. PTEN-fosfatase dient als een belangrijke negatieve regulator van de PI3K/Akt signaalcascade. Naast zijn rollen in het bevorderen van celoverleving en glycogeensynthese, reguleert Akt ook de celcyclus door GSK-3β-gemedieerde fosforylering en afbraak van cycline D1 te voorkomen en door cycline-afhankelijke kinase-remmers p27 Kip1 en p21 Waf1/Cip1 te downreguleren. Als reactie op ischemische schade kan Akt worden gereactiveerd door JNK, dat Thr450 fosforyleert, een cruciale primingstap voor verdere fosforylering door 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1, waardoor de activiteit van Akt wordt hersteld.

Gebruiksinformatie

Toepassing

WB, IP

Verdunning

WB	IP
1:1000	1:50

Reactiviteit

Human, Mouse, Rat

Bron

Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody

MW

60 kDa

Opslagbuffer

PBS, pH 7.2+50% Glycerol+0.05% BSA+0.01% NaN₃

Opslag
(Vanaf de datum van ontvangst)

–20°C (avoid freeze-thaw cycles), 2 years

Experimentele Methoden
WB	Experimental Protocol: Sample preparation 1. Tissue: Lyse the tissue sample by adding an appropriate volume of ice-cold RIPA/NP-40 Lysis Buffer (containing Protease Inhibitor Cocktail, Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail)，and homogenize the tissue at a low temperature or lyse it by sonication on ice, then incubate on ice for 30 minutes. 2. Adherent cell: Aspirate the culture medium and transfer the cells into an EP tube. Wash the cells with ice-cold PBS twice. Add an appropriate volume of RIPA/NP-40 Lysis Buffer (containing Protease Inhibitor Cocktail, Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail), sonicate to lyse the cells, and incubate on ice for 30 minutes. 3. Suspension cell: Transfer the culture medium to a pre-cooled centrifuge tube. Centrifuge and aspirate the supernatant. Wash the cells with ice-cold PBS twice.Add an appropriate volume of RIPA/NP-40 Lysis Buffer (containing Protease Inhibitor Cocktail, Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail), sonicate to lyse the cells, and incubate on ice for 30 minutes. 4. Place the lysate into a pre-cooled microcentrifuge tube. Centrifuge at 4°C for 15 min. Collect the supernatant; 5. Remove a small volume of lysate to determine the protein concentration; 6. Combine the lysate with protein loading buffer. Boil 20 µL sample under 95-100°C for 5 min. Centrifuge for 5 min after cool down on ice. Electrophoretic separation 1. According to the concentration of extracted protein, load appropriate amount of protein sample and marker onto SDS-PAGE gels for electrophoresis. Recommended separating gel (lower gel) concentration: 10%. Reference Table for Selecting SDS-PAGE Separation Gel Concentrations 2. Power up 80V for 30 minutes. Then the power supply is adjusted (110 V~150 V), the Marker is observed, and the electrophoresis can be stopped when the indicator band of the predyed protein Marker where the protein is located is properly separated. (Note that the current should not be too large when electrophoresis, too large current (more than 150 mA) will cause the temperature to rise, affecting the result of running glue. If high currents cannot be avoided, an ice bath can be used to cool the bath.) Transfer membrane 1. Take out the converter, soak the clip and consumables in the pre-cooled converter; 2. Activate PVDF membrane with methanol for 1 min and rinse with transfer buffer; 3. Install it in the order of "black edge of clip - sponge - filter paper - filter paper - glue -PVDF membrane - filter paper - filter paper - sponge - white edge of clip"; 4. The protein was electrotransferred to PVDF membrane. ( 0.45 µm PVDF membrane is recommended ) Reference Table for Selecting PVDF Membrane Pore Size Specifications Recommended conditions for wet transfer: 200 mA, 120 min. ( Note that the transfer conditions can be adjusted according to the protein size. For high-molecular-weight proteins, a higher current and longer transfer time are recommended. However, ensure that the transfer tank remains at a low temperature to prevent gel melting.) Block 1. After electrotransfer, wash the film with TBST at room temperature for 5 minutes; 2. Incubate the film in the blocking solution ( recommending 5% BSA solution) for 1 hour at room temperature; 3. Wash the film with TBST for 3 times, 5 minutes each time. Antibody incubation 1. Use 5% skim milk powder to prepare the primary antibody working liquid (recommended dilution ratio for primary antibody 1:1000), gently shake and incubate with the film at 4°C overnight; 2. Wash the film with TBST 3 times, 5 minutes each time; 3. Add the secondary antibody to the blocking solution and incubate with the film gently at room temperature for 1 hour; 4. After incubation, wash the film with TBST 3 times for 5 minutes each time. Antibody staining 811. Add the prepared ECL luminescent substrate (or select other color developing substrate according to the second antibody) and mix evenly; 2. Incubate with the film for 1 minute, remove excess substrate (keep the film moist), wrap with plastic film, and expose in the imaging system.

Experimentele Methoden

WB

Experimental Protocol:

Sample preparation

1. Tissue: Lyse the tissue sample by adding an appropriate volume of ice-cold RIPA/NP-40 Lysis Buffer (containing Protease Inhibitor Cocktail, Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail)，and homogenize the tissue at a low temperature or lyse it by sonication on ice, then incubate on ice for 30 minutes.

2. Adherent cell: Aspirate the culture medium and transfer the cells into an EP tube. Wash the cells with ice-cold PBS twice. Add an appropriate volume of RIPA/NP-40 Lysis Buffer (containing Protease Inhibitor Cocktail, Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail), sonicate to lyse the cells, and incubate on ice for 30 minutes.

3. Suspension cell: Transfer the culture medium to a pre-cooled centrifuge tube. Centrifuge and aspirate the supernatant. Wash the cells with ice-cold PBS twice.Add an appropriate volume of RIPA/NP-40 Lysis Buffer (containing Protease Inhibitor Cocktail, Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail), sonicate to lyse the cells, and incubate on ice for 30 minutes.

4. Place the lysate into a pre-cooled microcentrifuge tube. Centrifuge at 4°C for 15 min. Collect the supernatant;

5. Remove a small volume of lysate to determine the protein concentration;

6. Combine the lysate with protein loading buffer. Boil 20 µL sample under 95-100°C for 5 min. Centrifuge for 5 min after cool down on ice.

Electrophoretic separation

1. According to the concentration of extracted protein, load appropriate amount of protein sample and marker onto SDS-PAGE gels for electrophoresis. Recommended separating gel (lower gel) concentration: 10%. Reference Table for Selecting SDS-PAGE Separation Gel Concentrations

2. Power up 80V for 30 minutes. Then the power supply is adjusted (110 V~150 V), the Marker is observed, and the electrophoresis can be stopped when the indicator band of the predyed protein Marker where the protein is located is properly separated. (Note that the current should not be too large when electrophoresis, too large current (more than 150 mA) will cause the temperature to rise, affecting the result of running glue. If high currents cannot be avoided, an ice bath can be used to cool the bath.)

Transfer membrane

1. Take out the converter, soak the clip and consumables in the pre-cooled converter;

2. Activate PVDF membrane with methanol for 1 min and rinse with transfer buffer;

3. Install it in the order of "black edge of clip - sponge - filter paper - filter paper - glue -PVDF membrane - filter paper - filter paper - sponge - white edge of clip";

4. The protein was electrotransferred to PVDF membrane. ( 0.45 µm PVDF membrane is recommended ) Reference Table for Selecting PVDF Membrane Pore Size Specifications

Recommended conditions for wet transfer: 200 mA, 120 min.

( Note that the transfer conditions can be adjusted according to the protein size. For high-molecular-weight proteins, a higher current and longer transfer time are recommended. However, ensure that the transfer tank remains at a low temperature to prevent gel melting.)

Block

1. After electrotransfer, wash the film with TBST at room temperature for 5 minutes;

2. Incubate the film in the blocking solution ( recommending 5% BSA solution) for 1 hour at room temperature;

3. Wash the film with TBST for 3 times, 5 minutes each time.

Antibody incubation

1. Use 5% skim milk powder to prepare the primary antibody working liquid (recommended dilution ratio for primary antibody 1:1000), gently shake and incubate with the film at 4°C overnight;

2. Wash the film with TBST 3 times, 5 minutes each time;

3. Add the secondary antibody to the blocking solution and incubate with the film gently at room temperature for 1 hour;

4. After incubation, wash the film with TBST 3 times for 5 minutes each time.

Antibody staining

811. Add the prepared ECL luminescent substrate (or select other color developing substrate according to the second antibody) and mix evenly;

2. Incubate with the film for 1 minute, remove excess substrate (keep the film moist), wrap with plastic film, and expose in the imaging system.

Referenties

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16962653/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16306447/

Toepassingsgegevens

WB

Gevalideerd door Selleck

Lane 1: LNCaP
Lane 2: LNCaP (serum-starved; Torin, 10.5 µM, 5h)
Lane 3: LNCaP (Torin, 10.5 µM, 5h)
Lane 4: LNCaP (Torin, 0.5 µM, 24h)